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Hepatitis E virus （HEV） is a pathogen for viral hepatitis and can be transmitted across species via animals. The incidence rate of hepatitis E caused by HEV infection ranks first among acute viral hepatitis worldwide， and now it has become a major public health issue that threatens human health. In recent years， more and more species have been identified as the natural hosts of HEV， and there are more routes for the interspecies transmission of HEV， which greatly inhibits the prevention and control of this virus. Therefore， this article reviews and discusses the advances in the interspecies transmission of HEV， so as to provide a reference for the prevention and control of HEV.
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Atoh1 gene encodes a helix-loop-helix transcription factor which is involved in the generation and differentiation of mammalian auditory hair cells and supporting cells, and regulation of the proliferation of cochlear cells, therefore plays an important role in the pathogenesis and recovery of sensorineural deafness. This study reviews the progress of the Atoh1 gene in hair cell regeneration, with the aim of providing a reference for the study of hair cell regeneration gene therapy for sensorineural deafness.
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Animals , Humans , Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics , Hair Cells, Auditory/physiology , Transcription Factors , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural , Cell Differentiation , Deafness , Regeneration/genetics , MammalsABSTRACT
Objective:To summarize the clinical experience in treating acute superior mesenteric artery embolization with intestinal necrosis.Methods:Clinical data, surgical methods, complications and 30-day follow-up of patients with acute superior mesenteric artery embolization and intestinal necrosis admitted at Xijing Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from Jan 2008 to Dec 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 46 patients were included. The 30-day overall mortality rate was 19.6%, and that of those treated by enterostomy after enterectomy was 12.1%, and that was 38.5% in those undergoing primary entero-anastomosis after enterectomy. Univariate analysis showed that rebound pain was positive ( P=0.025), MAP was higher than 105mmHg ( P=0.04), heart rate was less than 120 beats/min ( P=0.04), and Fullen intestinal ischemia grade ( P=0.03) was significantly related to survival rates. Conclusions:Rebound pain, MAP, heart rate, Fullen grade, and surgical methods significantly affect the prognosis of patients. More patients survive with intestinal resection and enterostomy than those with intestinal resection and immediate anastomosis.
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Psychogenic non-epilepsy seizures (PNES) are defined as paroxysms with clinical symptoms similar to epilepsy without epileptiform discharges. It is often misdiagnosed as epilepsy. Misdiagnosis not only delays the time for patients with PNES to get correct diagnoses and treatments, but also may increase the risk of adverse effects from improper use of antiseizure medications. The diagnostic method of PNES is video electroencephalogram monitoring, but there is no consensus on the optimal duration of monitoring. At the same time, the use of diverse physiological signals, brain imaging, laboratory examination, and the application of machine learning provide new perceptions for the precise identification of PNES and epilepsy. This article reviewed the progress of precise differential diagnosis between PNES and epilepsy.
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Nucleic acid detection technique has good sensitivity and specificity and is widely used in in vitro diagnosis, animal and plant commodity quarantine, forensic identification, and other fields. However, it is susceptible to carryover contamination during the operation and leads to false-positive results, which seriously affects the detection accuracy. Therefore, finding an effective solution to prevent and eliminate nucleic acid carryover contamination has become particularly urgent. This study compared several different methods for removing nucleic acid contamination and confirmed that sodium hypochlorite solution and PCRguard reagent could effectively eliminate nucleic acid carryover in the liquid and on surfaces of different materials. Besides, the combination of sodium hypochlorite solution and PCRguard can solve the nucleic acid aerosol contamination. This study proposes solutions for the routine prevention of carryover contamination and removal of aerosol that has occurred in molecular diagnostic laboratories.
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Laboratories , Nucleic Acids , Pathology, MolecularABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and predictors of severe acute pancreatitis complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (SAP-ARDS).Methods:Clinical data of consecutive 313 SAP patients hospitalized from January 2000 to January 2020 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, were retrospectively analyzed, including 258 cases with ARDS (ARDS group) and 55 cases without ARDS (non-ARDS group). According to the severity of ARDS, ARDS group were further divided into mild ARDS group (165 cases) and moderate to severe ARDS group (93 cases). Clinical symptoms, laboratory examination and imaging results, ICU admission time and clinical outcome, as well as the local and systemic complications, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHEⅡ) within 24 h after admission, bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP), CT severity index (CTSI), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and quick sequenctial organ failure assessment(qSOFA) score were recorded. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to analyze independent risk factors of SAP complicated with moderate to severe ARDS. Receiver operating characteristics curves (ROC) was drawn to calculate area under the ROC curve (area under curve, AUC) and evaluate the performance of WBC and hsCRP in predicting SAP complicated with moderate to severe ARDS, and assess the performance of APACHEⅡ, BISAP, CTSI, SOFA and qSOFA scores in predicting SAP-ARDS endotracheal intubation.Results:The ICU length of stay and mortality rate of SAP-ARDS patients were significantly higher than those without ARDS [(8.3±11.6 day vs 5.7±7.7 day, 12.4% vs 3.6%, all P value <0.05)]. Univariate analysis showed that elevated WBC ( OR 4.52, 95% CI 1.64-12.4) and hsCRP ( OR 3.69, 95% CI 1.29-10.48) on admission were independent risk factors for moderate to severe ARDS with SAP. The AUC of WBC and hsCRP for predicting SAP with moderate to severe ARDS at admission were 0.651(95% CI 0.532-0.770) and 0.615 (95% CI 0.500-0.730), respectively. The predicted cut-off values (Cut-off values) were 17.5×10 9/L and 159 mg/L, respectively, and the sensitivity was 53.1% and 78.1%, the specificity was 78.1% and 48.4% respectively. The area under the ROC curve for APACHEⅡ, BISAP, CTSI, SOFA, and qSOFA score 24 h after admission in the early prediction of endotracheal intubation were 0.739 (95% CI 0.626-0.840), 0.705 (95% CI 0.602-0.809), 0.753 (95% CI 0.650-0.849 ), 0.737 (95% CI 0.615-0.836) and 0.663 (95% CI 0.570-0.794), and the optimum Cut-off values were 14 points, 3 points, 5 points, 7 points, 2 points, and the sensitivity and specificity for these predictors were 58.8% and 81.4%, 79.4% and 60.0%, 73.5% and 67.1%, 38.2% and 98.6%, 45.5% and 83.3%, respectively. Conclusions::Elevated blood WBC and hsCRP on admission were independent risk factors for moderate to severe ARDS in SAP. APACHEⅡ≥14, BISAP≥3, CTSI≥5, SOFA≥7, or qSOFA≥2 within the 24 h admission indictaed that the risk of SAP patients to receive endotracheal intubation was high.
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A fluorescent microsphere-based immunochromatographic strip test (FICT) was developed for the rapid, sensitive, and quantitative detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) antibodies at the pen-side. The assay was based on the formation of a sandwich immune-complex (anti-pig IgG-PRRSV antibodies-NSP7/N), which was validated by a comparison with IDEXX-ELISA using 3325 clinical specimens. The diagnostic specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of FICT were 97.28, 93.41, and 94.95%, respectively. FICT showed a good correlation with the virus neutralization assay. Overall, a promising pen-side diagnostic tool was developed for the rapid and quantitative detection of PRRSV antibodies within 15 min.
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Objective:To investigate the risk factors of lymph node metastasis for patients with colorectal cancer in T 3 and T 4, and to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods:The clinicopathological data of 1 112 patients with colorectal cancer in T 3 and T 4 who underwent radical resection of colorectal cancer in Xijing Digestive Disease Hospital from January 2008 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The correlation between lymph node metastasis status and the clinicopathological factors as well as tumor markers was analyzed. The related risk factors of lymph node metastasis were analyzed by using logistic multivariate regression analysis. Results:Univariate analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of lymph node metastasis among colorectal cancer patients stratified by gender, age and tumor location (all P > 0.05). The different tumor diameter [<5 cm and ≥5 cm: 37.75% (211/559), 52.26% (289/553), χ2 = 23.666, P < 0.01], general type [infiltration, ulcer, parasol, bulge: 37.04% (20/54), 47.52% (432/909), 34.33% (23/67), 69.51% (57/82), χ2 = 13.787, P = 0.003], degree of differentiation [highly-differentiated, moderately-differentiated, poorly-differentiated: 34.11% (102/299), 49.00% (317/647), 48.80% (81/166), χ2 = 19.771, P < 0.01], mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) [yes and no: 26.34% (64/243), 50.17% (436/869), χ2 = 43.996, P < 0.01], neurological invasion [yes and no: 48.17% (421/874), 33.20% (79/238), χ2 = 16.954, P < 0.01], vascular invasion [yes and no: 79.16% (338/427), 23.65% (162/685), χ2 = 327.493, P < 0.01] and preoperative carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) [positive (≥5 mg/ml) and negative (<5 mg/ml): 52.87% (249/471), 39.16% (251/641), χ2 = 20.162, P < 0.01] and CA199 [positive (≥35 U/ml) and negative (<35 U/ml): 59.33% (124/209), 41.64% (376/903), χ2 = 21.465, P < 0.01] had statistically significant differences in the incidence of lymph node metastasis for above stratified patients. Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that vascular invasion and preoperative CA199-positive were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer in T 3 and T 4 ( OR = 13.006, 95% CI 9.329-17.276, P < 0.01; OR = 2.194, 95% CI 1.513-3.181, P < 0.01), and dMMR-positive was a protective factor for lymph node metastasis ( OR = 0.279, 95% CI 0.190-0.411, P < 0.01). Conclusions:Vascular invasion is the main risk affecting factor for the lymph node metastasis of patients with colorectal cancer in T 3 and T 4. The detection of preoperative tumor marker CA199 can be used as an index to predict the lymph node metastasis of patients with colorectal cancer in T 3 and T 4. To a certain extent, it can provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with colorectal cancer in T 3 and T 4.
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Objective@#To investigate the effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on the expression of aquaporin 2-3 after the release of unilateral ureter obstruction in young rats.@*Methods@#Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups(CUUO-R group, CUUO-R+ EPO group and sham group, with 8 rats in each group). The CUUO-R model was built through unilateral ureteral ligation, after 48 h the obstruction was released.EPO was given to the CUUO-R+ EPO group at the time point of removing obstruction, and then repeated every other day for 1 week, and the same volume of saline was simultaneously given to the CUUO-R rats.The rats in sham group experienced the laparotomy and free dissection of left ureter but not ligation.The kidneys were harvested 7 d after the release of CUUO.The methods of Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to examine the effects of erythropoietin on the expression of AQP2 and AQP3.@*Results@#The osmotic pressure of CUUO-R+ EPO group was higher than those of CUUO-R group, but lower than that of sham group(P=0.007). The concentration of creatinine and urea in the CUUO-R group[(58.001±2.416) μmol/L and (9.025±1.158) mmol/L]were higher than those of CUUO-R+ EPO group [(57.072±2.286) μmol/L and (1.479±0.043) mmol/L] and sham group [(54.820±1.536) μmol/L and (6.929±0.604) mmol/L]. The differences of the concentration of creatinine and urea between CUUO-R group and sham group were statistically significant(P<0.05). There was no significant difference between CUUO-R+ EPO group and Sham group(P>0.05). The immunohistochemistry showed that the expressions of AQP2 and AQP3 in co-llecting duct in CUUO-R group were significantly weaker than those of in sham group, and the expression of those in CUUO-R+ EPO group were slightly weaker than sham group.These results were further confirmed by Western blot, as the relative quantity of AQP2 and AQP3 were also the lowest in CUUO-R group(AQP2 in 3 groups were 0.974±0.109, 1.923±0.097 and 2.002±0.044, F=392.4, P=0.000; AQP3 in 3 groups were 0.941±0.048, 1.497±0.043 and 1.863±0.043, F=735.8, P=0.000).@*Conclusions@#EPO treatment is beneficial for the recovery expre-ssion of AQP2 and AQP3 as well as renal function at the early period after the release of ureteral obstruction in young rats.
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Objective To investigate the effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on the expression of aquaporin 2-3 after the release of unilateral ureter obstruction in young rats.Methods Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups(CUUO-R group,CUUO-R + EPO group and sham group,with 8 rats in each group).The CUUO-R model was built through unilateral ureteral ligation,after 48 h the obstruction was released.EPO was given to the CUUO-R + EPO group at the time point of removing obstruction,and then repeated every other day for 1 week,and the same volume of saline was simultaneously given to the CUUO-R rats.The rats in sham group experienced the laparotomy and free dissection of left ureter but not ligation.The kidneys were harvested 7 d after the release of CUUO.The methods of Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to examine the effects of erythropoietin on the expression of AQP2 and AQP3.Results The osmotic pressure of CUUO-R + EPO group was higher than those of CUUO-R group,but lower than that of sham group (P =0.007).The concentration of creatinine and urea in the CUUO-R group [(58.001 ± 2.416) μmol/L and (9.025 ± 1.158) mmol/L] were higher than those of CUUO-R + EPO group [(57.072 ± 2.286) μmol/L and (1.479 ± 0.043) mmol/L] and sham group [(54.820 ± 1.536) μmol/L and (6.929-±0.604) mmol/L].The differences of the concentration of creatinine and urea between CUUO-R group and sham group were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between CUUO-R + EPO group and Sham group(P ＞ 0.05).The immunohistochemistry showed that the expressions of AQP2 and AQP3 in collecting duct in CUUO-R group were significantly weaker than those of in sham group,and the expression of those in CUUO-R + EPO group were slightly weaker than sham group.These results were further confirmed by Western blot,as the relative quantity of AQP2 and AQP3 were also the lowest in CUUO-R group (AQP2 in 3 groups were 0.974 ± 0.109,1.923 ± 0.097 and 2.002 ± 0.044,F =392.4,P =0.000;AQP3 in 3 groups were 0.941 ± 0.048,1.497 ± 0.043 and 1.863 ± 0.043,F =735.8,P =0.000).Conclusions EPO treatment is beneficial for the recovery expression of AQP2 and AQP3 as well as renal function at the early period after the release of ureteral obstruction in young rats.
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Objective To analyze the advantages and surgical experience of laparoscopic anatomical surgery for adrenal tumors.Methods A total of 156 patients with benign or malignant adrenal tumors admitted to our hospital from April 2012 to September 2016 were enrolled and underwent laparoscopic anatomical surgery in the study.The curative effect and advantages of the operation were analyzed,and surgical experiences of laparoscopic anatomical surgery for adrenal tumors were summarized.Results Laparoscopic adrenalectomy was successfully completed in 155 of the 156(99.4％)patients and 1 patient with pheochromocytoma underwent open surgery due to pneumothorax caused by an accidental diaphragm injury.Postoperative pulmonary embolism occurred in 1 case and hematoma in right adrenal region in 6 cases,all of whom were completely relieved after intervention.Postoperative surgical specimen of adrenal glands in 54 patients were histopathologically examined,the results of which showed the negative boundaries in all patients.Patients were followed up for a mean of 11.6 months(range,4 to 26 months).All patients had a good recovery after surgery without recurrence of malignant tumor in local or trocar site.Conclusions As compared with open surgery,the transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenal surgery provides a larger operation area for good orientation and vision,and has such advantages as shorter hospital stay,fewer postoperative complications and better prognosis in patients with malignant adrenal tumors,which is worthy of clinical selection.
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Ebola virus (EBOV) is an extremely contagious pathogen first discovered in Africa associated with severe hemorrhagic disease in humans and nonhuman primates, which has resulted in at least 28 500 suspected cases and 11 300 confirmed deaths in 2014-2016 Ebola epidemic in West Africa. Rapid and sensitive detection of EBOV is the key to increasing the probability of survival and reducing infection rates in pandemic regions. Here, we report an ultrasensitive and instrument-free EBOV detection assay based on colloidal carbon immunochromatography. Carbon nanoparticle-labeled rabbit anti-EBOV-VP40 IgG were concentrated in the conjugate pad, monoclonal antibody (McAb, 4B7F9) against EBOV-VP40 and goat anti-rabbit IgG were immobilized on the nitrocellulose membrane with 2 μL/cm at a concentration of 1 mg/mL as test and control lines, respectively. Then the sample application pad, conjugate release pad, nitrocellulose membrane and absorbent pad were assembled into a lateral flow test strip. The test strip shows strong specificity against related viruses that share similar clinical symptoms and geographic range with EBOV, including marburg virus, influenza virus, yellow fever virus and dengue virus. In addition, 1 500 negative serums were tested with false-positive rate of 1.3‰ which significantly lower than that of ReEBOV™ colloidal gold test kit recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). The sensitivity of this strip was analyzed using inactivated EBOV with detection limit of 100 ng/mL (10⁶ copies/mL) which clearly higher than that of ReEBOV™ dipstick (10⁸ copies/mL). Furthermore, the strip showed excellent thermal stability characteristics in room temperature and could be as a point-of-care (POC), ultra-sensitive and specific promising candidate for EBOV serological screening in rural Africa or entry/exit ports.
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Animals , Humans , Rabbits , Carbon , Ebolavirus , Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola , NanoparticlesABSTRACT
Objective To observe and explore the differentiation value of serum hepcidin level in iron defi-ciency anemia(IDA) and anemia of chronic disease(ACD) .Methods 40 cases of IDA in the hospital from Oc-tober 2015 to February 2017 and 40 cases of ACD were selected as the ACD group and in the same period 50 healthy people undergoing physical examination served as the control group .The ELISA method was adopted to detect serum hepcidin level in each group .The levels of serum iron and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were detected by using the ferrous benzoxazines colorimetric method .Then the serum hepcidin levels were performed the contrastive analysis and statistical processing .Results The serum hepcidin level in the IDA group was lower than that in the control group ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) ,and ser-um hepcidin level in the ACD group was higher than that in control group ,the difference was statistically sig-nificant (P<0 .05) .The areas of under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for hepcidin ,serum iron ,TIBC in the differentiation diagnosis of ACD and IDA were 0 .98 ,0 .67 and 0 .86 respectively .Conclusion Serum hepcidin level is a simple and easy method for the differentiation diagnosis of IDA and ACD ,and its accuracy is superior to that of serum iron and TIBC levels .
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Objective To explore the expression of aquaporin-2 (AQP-2) in human fetus kidney and amniotic fluid at different stages of pregnancy.Methods Twenty-two cases of aborted fetuses' kidneys were collected.They were divided into 3 groups according to the pregnancy age:8 cases in 17-23 + 6 weeks,8 cases in 24-31 +6 weeks,and 6 cases in 32-38 +6 weeks.Western blot was used to examine the expression of AQP-2 in the kidney.Twenty-four cases of the amniotic fluid were collected,and they were divided into 3 groups according to the pregnancy age:10 cases in 17-23 +6 weeks,6 cases in 24-31 +6 weeks,and 8 cases in 32-38 +6 weeks.Eight cases of healthy adult morning urine were collected as positive controls.The AQP-2 protein in the amniotic fluid was detected with the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the osmotic pressure of amniotic fluid at different stages of the pregnancy was measured with the freezing point osmometer.Results The expression of AQP-2 was increased with the extending of pregnancy age,and the AQP-2 expressions in fetus kidney of 17-23 +6 weeks,24-31 + 6 weeks and 32-38 +6 weeks were 0.986 ± 0.335,1.566 ± 0.272,and 2.080 ± 0.246,respectively,and the difference was significant (P ＜ 0.05).The AQP-2 detected from amniotic fluid was positively correlated with the result of AQP-2 in the kidney(r =0.985,P ＜ 0.05),and the AQP-2 expression also increased with the extending of pregnancy age:17-23 +6 weeks,24-31 +6 weeks,32-38 +6 weeks and adult urine was (30.253 ±5.843) mg/L,(35.103 ±7.271) mg/L,and (42.580 ± 1.230) mg/L and (46.493 ± 0.450) mg/L,respectively.The osmolality of the amniotic fluid of 17-23 +6 weeks,24-31 +6 weeks,32-38 +6 weeks was (272.600 ± 4.827) mmol/L,(252.00 ± 15.360) mmol/L,and (261.750 ±5.560) mmol/L,respectively,and the difference was significant(P ＜0.05).Conclusions The AQP-2 expression in human fetus kidneys has good correlation with amniotic fluid,which indicates that the level of AQP-2 of the amniotic fluid may reflect the expression of AQP-2 in the fetus kidney.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prognostic value of lymphatic vascular invasion (LVI) for stage I( gastric cancer patients after radical gastrectomy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinicopathological and intact follow-up data of 469 stage I( gastric cancer patients who underwent radical gastrectomy with R0 resection and were pathologically proven as gastric adenocarcinoma without other malignancy at the Department of Digestive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University between February 2009 and December 2012 were retrospectively collected. Chi square test was used to examine the relationship between LVI and clinicopathological data; Log-rank test was used for survival analysis; Cox proportional hazards model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis to explore the prognostic influence of LVI on stage I( gastric cancer patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 469 patients were enrolled, including 360 male (76.8%) and 109 female patients (23.2%). Median age was 58(25-82) years. There were 114 T1a cases (24.3%), 195 T1b cases (41.6%), and 160 T2 cases (34.1%). There were 439 (93.6%) cases without lymph node metastasis and 30 cases with lymph node metastasis. Presence of LVI was found in 52 patients (11.1%). LVI was closely associated with tumor grade, depth of invasion and status of lymph node metastasis (all P<0.05), rather than gender, age, tumor location and tumor diameter (all P>0.05). LVI detection rate was higher in poorly differentiated and undifferentiated group (14.3%, 32/223) than that in moderately and well differentiated group (8.1%, 20/246) (χ=4.590, P=0.032). LVI detection rate was higher in T2 (14.4%, 23/160) and T1b (13.3%, 26/195) group than that in T1a group (2.6%,3/114)(χ=11.020, P=0.004). LVI detection rate was higher in patients with lymph node metastasis (30.0%, 9/30) compared to those without lymph node metastasis (9.8%, 43/439) (χ=11.629, P=0.001). Median follow-up time was 63(3-74) months. There were totally 46 deaths (9.8%). The 5-year overall survival rate was 90.2%. The 5-year overall survival rate was 82.7% in patients with LVI and 91.1% without LVI, which was significantly different (P=0.039). Univariate analysis showed that age (P=0.012), AJCC T stage (8th edition) (P=0.011), and LVI (P=0.043) were closely associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer patients, while gender, tumor location, tumor diameter, tumor grade, lymph node metastasis or postoperative chemotherapy were not associated to the prognosis (all P>0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that only age(HR=2.038, 95%CI:1.126 to 3.686, P=0.019) and advanced T stage (T1b: HR=1.427, 95%CI:0.554 to 3.678; T2: HR=2.926, 95%CI:1.199 to 7.140; P=0.017) were independent prognostic factors of stage I( gastric cancer patients (both P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>LVI is not an independent prognostic factor of stage I( gastric cancer patients. In clinical practice, we should consider adjuvant chemotherapy prudently for stage I( gastric cancer patients with LVI.</p>
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Objective To investigate the effects of Forskolin on the activation of nucleotide－binding oligome-rization domain like receptor family,pyrin domain－containing 3(NLRP－3)inflammasome and the secretion of inter-leukin－1β(IL－1β)in activated human THP－1 macrophages,which can provide evidence for clinical treatment of inflammatory diseases in children.Methods Human monocyte cell line THP－1 cells were induced to differentiate into macrophages by Phorbol－12－myristate－13－acetate(PMA),and Forskolin(10,50,100 μmol/L)stimulated activa-ted macrophages by nigericin.The mRNA of the inflammasome markers NLRP－3,IL－1β and Caspase－1 were detec-ted by real－time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)method.The protein of NLRP －3,pro －IL －1β, pro－Caspase－1 and Caspase－1 were detected by Western blot.The secretion of inflammatory cytokines IL－1β was detected by enzyme－linked immuno－sorbent assay(ELISA).Results Nigericin activated the cells and the mRNA expression of NLRP－3,IL－1β and Caspase－1 increased by 7.59 times(P＜0.001),579.10 times(P＜0.001)and 3. 59 times (P ＜0. 001 ),compared to non － activated cells;Forskolin had no effect on the mRNA expression of NLRP－3,Caspase－1 and IL－1β on activated THP－1 macrophages(P＞0.05).Western blot showed that Forskolin also had no effect on the protein expression of pro－Caspase－1 and pro－IL－1β in activated THP－1 macrophages (P＞0. 05),but the expression of NLRP －3 and Caspase －1 decreased significantly (P ＜0.001). The results of ELISA showed that the IL －1β secretion increased from basal 584. 0 nmol/L to activated 2 695. 6 nmol/L (t ＝16.031 1,P＜0. 001)on THP －1 macrophages by nigericin,but Forskolin(10,50,100 μmol/L)reduced it to 1 858. 4 nmol/L(t＝5.365 5,P ＜0. 001),1 467.9 nmol/L(t ＝8.047 5,P ＜0.001)and 1 246.7 nmol/L(t ＝10.199 0,P＜0.001)on the activated THP－1 macrophages.Conclusions Forskolin can not affect the expression of pro－cytokines at the gene transcription and protein translation levels in activated THP－1 cells,but inhibit the secre-tion of inflammatory cytokines IL－1β,so as to inhibit inflammatory response,which can be used to treat pediatric in-flammatory diseases caused by IL－1β.
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The surgeons must not lack humanistic spirit,and the cultivation of their humanistic qualities needs to be started from medical students and take the infiltration of surgery teaching as the path.In the teaching of clini-cal surgery,it should change educational concept,set the course rationally,and enhance the practice education,so as to help medical students to sense and understand humanistic spirit,establish the concept of care and promote the humanistic qualities.
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Objective To investigate the value of detrusor isovolumetric test(DIT)on female SUI with sus-pected detrusor contraction weakness. Methods A total of 86 SUI patients with suspected detrusor contraction weakness diagnosed by preoperative bladder cystometry(CMG)were enrolled in this study.DIT method was used to evaluate the bladder function. The difference of first sensation cystometry capacity, maximum cystometric capacity, bladder compliance and maximum detrusor pressure were compared between the two methods.Patients in group Ⅰwhowere diagnosed with normal detrusor function with DIT method underwent TOT surgery. Ninety normal SUI patients were selected as control group Ⅱ,who were diagnosed with normal detrusor function with CMG method. The surgery effect was compared between the two groups. Results By using DIT detection,there were 65 cases showed normal detrusor function of the 86 cases(75.6%).The maximum detrusor pressure with DIT was(31.2 ± 12.9)cm H2O versus(11.7 ± 3.1)cm H2O with cystometry(P＜0.05).No significant differences were observed in the first sensation cystometry capacity,maximum cystometric capacity and bladder compliance.The effective rate of TOT in both group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ was more than 95%,with no significantly difference between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusions DIT is a valuable method to evaluate the bladder function of female SUI patients with suspected detrusor contraction weakness.
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Objective To investigate the effect of early application of clean intermittent catheterization(CIC) in infants with neurogenic bladder(NB).Methods Eighty-seven children with NB diagnosed in our urodynamic center were less than 1 year old when they first came to hospital from January 2007 to January 2010, and CIC was carried out at different age.Sixty-four patients were followed up for a long time and divided into early CIC group(less than 1 year old children) and late CIC group(more than 3 years old children) according to the treatment time.Early CIC group included 29 patients [19 boys and 10 girls with the mean age of (7.5 ±2.8) months].And 4 cases were suffering from postoperative spina bifida manifesta;22 cases with spina bifida occulta;2 cases with sacral dysplasia;1 case with meningitis.Late CIC group included 35 patients [20 boys and 15 girls with the mean age of (8.0 ±2.9) months].2 cases were suffering from postoperative spina bifida manifesta;28 cases with spina bifida occulta;4 cases with sacral dysplasia;1 case with postoperative pelvic surgery.Before the treatment, there were no significant differences of the bladder compliance (BC), the maximum cystometric capacity (MCC) and the safety bladder capacity (SBC) between two groups.Urodynamic parameters and complications of 64 patients who were successfully followed up for 6 years were compared.Results After 3 years follow up, BC, SBC and MCC in early CIC group [(8.5 ± 1.9) ml/cmH2O, (140 ±25) ml, (142 ±29) ml]were significantly higher than those of late CIC group [(7.0 ± 2.2) ml/cmH2O, (110 ± 31) ml, (120 ± 28) ml;all P ＜ 0.05].After 6 years follow up, BC, SBC and MCC in early CIC group [(12.0 ±2.5) ml/cmH2O, (210 ±26) ml, (230 ±30) ml] were significantly higher than those of late CIC group [(9.3 ± 2.3) ml/cmH2O, (192 ± 31) ml, (205 ± 35) ml;all P ＜ 0.05], and the vesicoureteral reflux rate [24.1％ (7/29)] in early treatment group was significantly less than that in late treatment group [54.3％ (19/35), P ＜ 0.05].Increases in BUN and serum creatinine were found in 6 cases (20.7％) in early CIC group and 17 cases (48.6％) in late CIC group, the difference was significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion For NB patients, the effect of early CIC is better than that of late CIC.
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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the role of the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) activated Toll–interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon β (TRIF) signal pathway in triggering apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: First, siRNA targeted autophagy–related gene LC3 (pU6H1-LC3 siRNA and siLC3) and a dsRNA used as a Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) ligand was constructed and synthesized, respectively. Then, a human HCC cell line was transfected with dsRNA, siLC3, and cotransfected with siLC3 and dsRNA (siLC3+dsRNA), respectively. Finally, quantification real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining were used in the HCC line (SMMC7721), and MTT assay, flow cytometry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end-labeling, and transmission electron microscopy were used in an HCC xenograft model of nude mice. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell tube forming assay, color Doppler ultrasonographic flow image examination, and CD34-positive microvessel density were used in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: Compared with untreated cells, the protein and mRNA expression of TLR3 and TRIF was up-regulated, in order, siLC3+dsRNA, dsRNA, and siLC3. Expression of LC3 was obviously down-regulated and the autophagosomes were significantly decreased in siLC3+dsRNA and siLC3, whereas in dsRNA (p < 0.05). LC3 and TRIF colocation was observed in HepG2 cells. Decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis, decrease in xenograft tumor volume, and angiogenesis potential were also observed in order (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Suppression of intracellular autophagy resulted in decreased degradation of TRIF protein, which can promote triggering of apoptosis by the TLR3-TRIF pathway. dsRNA and siLC3 could play anticancer roles in coordination.